Alien Social Integration Act essays

Outsider Social Integration Act papers Elective Argument dependent on the Passage of Alien Social Integration Act of 1995 Republic Act No. 7919 known as the Alien Social Integration Act of 1995 (ASIA) was passed into law and produced results on March 19, 1995 with the accompanying goals: first, to carry qualified displaced people into the standard of Philippine society, in this manner making them dynamic members in its turn of events; second, to have a record and thus have the option to screen the quantity of staying outsiders in the nation under an unlawful or dicey status; third, to kill/limit a wellspring of unite and defilement, the purported draining dairy animals, and fourth, to create pay for the administration through the charging of sensible expenses. ASIA is expected to profit two gatherings of outsiders: (1) those whose stay in the nation is in any case illicit under existing laws and incorporates unlawful participants or legitimate contestants whose stay got unlawful and they are the individuals who outstayed, holders of terminated, denied or counterfeit visas; (2) the individuals who may ne ed an affirmation or assertion of their stay in the Philippines and incorporates outsiders whose stay in the nation is of dicey status like when the premise isn't law however insignificant managerial issuances. In the two cases, the foreigner more likely than not showed up in the Philippines before June 30, 1992. The advantages of ASIA can be benefited of from June 1, 1995 to December 31, 1996 yet Republic Act No.8247 stretched out the application time frame to June 30 1997. During the period expressed, the accompanying foreigners have profited of said combination program: It is a settled principle that autonomous States have the option to allow or decline cordiality to outsiders. The global network leaves it to the States to fix the conditions under which outsiders will be permitted to enter their region, which conditions might be pretty much advantageous to outsiders. The award or refusal of affirmation of al ... <!

Are we free or determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Are without we or decided - Essay Example In spite of the fact that numerous philosophical focuses and speculations are introduced on this point and this convention exist all through the world. It is seen that the determinism and unrestrained choice are totally unrelated to one another. The term determinism got wide implications and there are two sorts of determinism, one is hard determinism or incompatibilists and the other one is delicate determinism or compatibilists. Hard determinism is a conviction, which says that the unrestrained choice is a figment however hard determinism says that the two thoughts can be lucidly accommodated. The through and through freedom is accepted to be magical truth of autonomous organization or it is characterized as the sentiment of office that human experience when they act. The idea of through and through freedom assumes a focal job in our reasoning and our perspectives about the world. Then again, determinists accept that the level to which people have impact over their future is itself subject to present and past. What's more, it is likewise depicted as a term that tells all occasions on the planet are the aftereffect of some past occasion, or occasions. What's more, this shows opportunity of individuals is only a hallucination. I accept that human are resolved and not choice. It is now and then accepted that determinism requests that people or people have no effect on the future occasions, yet this idea isn't right. Determinism is that our past impacts our future, and this is a genuine idea, regardless of whether we look it in our own lives. Numerous rationalists have given their perspectives on this theme, including Omar Khayyam, Thomas Hobbes, Gottfried Leibniz, David Hume and Daniel Dennett and so forth. In the event that we take a gander at the emergentist or the generative way of thinking, we will see that the through and through freedom doesn't exist in it,2 however we can see its dreams in view of the age of unbounded conduct from the association of limited deterministic arrangement of rules and imperatives. What's more, the unusual conduct of deterministic procedure drives us to the knowledge of through and through freedom. However, we realize that the choice is an ontological substance and it doesn't exist in real.3 As indicated by certain individuals, determinism is typically refuted with ethics and morals. Then again, individuals state that determinism is essentially the entirety of the realistic logical outcomes, which had made it without subjectivism. As we realized that there are no hard-set guidelines and guidelines for ethics and morals and they are diverse in various societies, and this makes them unique in relation to the physical standards, which are pre-characterized and scarcely change under any conditions. Yet at the same time their reality implies that they were a sure outcome or item themselves. This is because of a thorough timeframe of social turn of events, which is seen today, and furthermore a union of occasions, which are made to produce the general concept of ethics and morals in the brains of individuals. A case of determinism is hereditary determinism, where we can now found a logical association between one's qualities and one's genuine and additionally potential physical characteristics (hair and eye shading, sickness defenselessness, and so forth.). What's more, this information is utilized all through the world for additional examination. The hypothesis of determinism

6 Books to Get Students in the Mood for Christmas

6 Books to Get Students in the Mood for Christmas 6 Books to Get Students in the Mood for Christmas Are you struggling to get into the Christmas spirit this year? Or perhaps you’ve you’ve been counting down to Christmas since the first of September… Either way, get yourself in the mood for Christmas with these festive reads. By the time you have finished reading these six Christmas books, you’ll be decking the halls with boughs of holly and rockin’ around the Christmas tree… 1. ‘Twas the Nightshift before Christmas by Adam Kay Subject: Medicine Adam Kay is back at it again, with his brand-new book ‘Twas the Nightshift before Christmas’. After the success of his first book, ‘This is Going to Hurt’, Kay has given us the gift of his festive hospital diaries while working as a junior doctor, taking us through the festive seasons of 2004 to 2009. Kay’s second book is, as one reviewer on Goodreads puts it, ‘just as funny, if not funnier, than his previous bestselling memoir’, with another describing it as ‘raunchy, morbid and laugh out loud funny’. The perfect Christmas present for any medicine student in your life. Click here to see more books for medicine students.   2. Silent Night: The Story of the WWI Christmas Truce by Stanley Weintraub Subject: History On Christmas Eve in 1914, amongst the mud, rain and killing in the trenches of The Great War, there appeared a line of lights along the German trenches â€" candles on Christmas trees. This gesture of peace was met by the sound of Christmas carols sung by British, French, Belgian and German troops. By Christmas Day, soldiers on both sides were in no man’s land burying the dead, exchanging gifts and even playing a game of football. This wartime truce is a heartwarming true story of a moment of humanity, and a glimmer of hope in an otherwise bleak existence. Anyone with an interest in wartime history will enjoy this book. Click here to find out which seven books you should read if you’re a history student. 3. Mary Berry’s Christmas Collection by Mary Berry Subject: Food Science If you’re looking for a good cookbook this Christmas, you’ve come to the right place. The queen of cooking, Mary Berry’s cookbook features more than 100 recipes and is perfect for a bit of festive cooking around the Christmas holidays. Berry features a mix of traditional classic Christmas recipes, as well as a variety of new recipes (handy hint: if you give this as a present to a food student, they might cook something from it for you).   4. The Greatest Gift by Philip Van Doren Subject: Sociology Originally published in 1943 as a small pamphlet that was sent out with the Van Doren Stern’s Christmas card, this novella is more widely known as the basis for the beloved 1947 film It’s a Wonderful Life, telling the story of George Pratt, a man contemplating suicide who receives an opportunity to see what the world would’ve been like if he’d never existed. So why is this a good gift for sociology students? Sociologists study the patterns of social relationships, social interaction and society, and this heartwarming Christmas story explores George’s relationships with his friends and family, and the vast impact that he has had on all of their lives.     5. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Subject: English Language and Literature No Christmas list would be complete without Charles Dickens’ Christmas masterpiece, ‘A Christmas Carol’. Most people know the story of ‘A Christmas Carol’ whether it’s from the Muppet TV adaptation, to a theatre performance, to a Disney animated musical, but few have read the original book. What you may not know is that the phrase “Merry Christmas” only became popular following the release of this book. If you’re looking to get into the festive spirit, try out this novella, and get drawn into Dickens’ world, through vivid descriptions and lovable (and not so lovable) characters.   6. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis Subject: Religious Studies This beloved children’s fantasy novel is definitely worth a reread this Christmas. C.S Lewis’ enchanting world is one where a witch rules over a snowy land, where animals talk, where there are battles between good and evil (and if you enjoy it, there are seven other books in ‘The Chronicles of Narnia’ series to read). However, what you may not know is that C.S Lewis’s novel is an allegory about the Christian faith, and a biblical portrait of Christ is represented in the character of Aslan, and the children’s relationship with their spirituality is explored throughout the series. Ultimately, ‘The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe’ is a retelling of the gospel in a way that is accessible to students and adults alike, so why not try reading it again from the perspective of an adult? Image credit: Goodreads

How Make Money Online As An Ebay Essay - 971 Words

How to Make Money Online as an eBay Affiliate By Jorge Gurza Dec 25, 2007 If you are new to internet marketing, you should learn how to make money online from eBay. If you have not heard of eBay than you must have just landed from another planet, since it is the world s biggest and best known online auction site. There are many different ways of making money online, ranging from affiliate marketing to direct sales of your own product. Affiliate marketing is a method of making money by selling products belonging to other people. You basically earn a commission every time you send a prospect to somebody s sales page that results in a sale. There are subtle differences between affiliate marketing and acting as a salesperson for someone else, but the end result is the same: if somebody buys then you earn money. However, you can also earn affiliate money, not by finding prospects that purchase a product, but that sign up for service. There are many online membership companies that can make a lot of money from people who register for their service, and eBay is one of the biggest. eBay is an internet auction site that allows you to sell products and to purchase them. Many eBay sellers are ordinary people selling items that they no longer have a use for. You could sell an old CD, jewelery, books and anything you think you can get money for. Others are professionals who use eBay as a store front, and eBay even provides them with an online shop from which they can advertise andShow MoreRelatedCase Study â€Å"Ebay in China†1652 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1 eBay first entered the Chinese market in 2002 by acquiring a 33% stake in its local counterpart, EachNet, followed by a full acquisition a year later in 2003. Critically assess eBay.s choice of market entry strategy for China, listing both the advantages and disadvantages of its acquisition strategy. As we know, eBay’s China expansion strategy can be considered as failure, despite the fact that eBay entered this potentially rewarding market with caution. This cautious strategy was veryRead MoreExample Of Business Net Types949 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Net Types The two largest online marketplaces in the United States are Amazon and eBay. Each of these businesses has invested a great deal on the type of business web they need. Even though, they have different business strategies to accomplish their goals they have found an accurate e-commerce business model that works for each of them. Success in e-commerce is a combination of collecting information about goods and service providers (aggregator) combining it with the storage and the transportationRead More1. Airbnb and Ebay Are Similar in That Both Companies Run Online Marketplaces That ‘Match’ Buyers with Sellers. How Should Airbnb’s Reputation System Differ from That of Ebay?751 Words   |  4 Pages1. Airbnb and eBay are similar in that both companies run online marketplaces that ‘match’ buyers with sellers. How should Airbnb’s reputation system differ from that of eBay? Although both Airbnb and eBay provide online marketplaces to match buyers and sellers, Airbnb focuses on one specific area: online marketplace for accommodations whereas eBay runs online marketplaces in a much broader scope, from Fashion items electronics all the way to collectibles, in other words, the transactions happeningRead MoreEbay Inc. ( Ebay )1363 Words   |  6 PagesEBay Inc. (EBAY) is a leading global commerce platform that enables individuals and businesses to buy and sell products online. Over the past 20 years, it has become one of the largest online marketplaces, with over 159 million active users around the world and more than 800 million items for sale. EBay’s vision is â€Å"one that is enabled by people, powered by technology, and open to everyone† (What We Do). EBay runs a more decentralized commerce system than Amazon and other e-commerce companies. TheirRead MoreEbay : An American Business Executive1057 Words   |  5 PagesEbay is short for Ech o Bay, which was the name for his consulting firm at the time is the Online Marketplace for the world. A company that deals with sale and goods and they are passionate about their service that they provide. There are millions of buyers and seller that visit eBay every day, Businesses and individuals. Ebay a company that made its name for buyers to bid on items of interest and for users to browse through a search engine for a broad market of items online world wide. Ebay-IncRead MoreTaobao Vs. Ebay China1234 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Taobao vs. eBay China covers the emerging consumer to consumer market, growth of the internet, and multiple business interactions throughout a few decades. China started out with few online auctions, no set standardized rules for online trading, a lack of credit cards, debit cards that could not be processed in other areas, no way to make online transactions efficiently, and minimal precautions to eliminate fraud if these other obstacles could be averted. Overtime most of these wereRead MoreTaobao948 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract In this case, it mainly defines how eBay enter the Chinese market and state problems why eBay failure problems in China compare to Tao Bao. We will introduce EBay, compare and contrast between eBay and Tao Bao, also, we talk about reasons failure in China. Introduction to EBay EBay which is a management that allows people from all over the world to buy and sell items, auctions and shopping online. EBay was founded on 4th September 1995 and by name Auction web of Pierre Omidyar in CaliforniaRead MoreDifferent Interactive Tools And Software777 Words   |  4 Pagesthe fly.† (Lampitt Online) These are helping companies to save money from hiring analysts and have many employees making sense of the data they are collecting. EBay has used software and techniques to have an analytical culture among their employees. EBay needs to better understand the data they retrieve and to do this they use a software called Tableau. This software â€Å"provides visualization to turn large, complex data sets into intuitive, interactive pictures.† (Lampitt Online) This is making isRead MoreAlibaba Taobaos837 Words   |  4 Pagesfacilitates consumer-to-consumer (C2C) retail by providing a platform for small businesses and individual entrepreneurs to open online stores that mainly cater to consumers in Chinese-speaking regions (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) and also abroad. Taobao Marketplace (formerly Taobao) was launched in May 2003 by Alibaba after eBay acquired Eachnet, China’s online auction leader at the time, for USD 180 million and became a major player in the Chinese consumer e-commerce market. To counterRead MoreConsumer Buying Behavior And Demographics Like Age, And Gender1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference in price between the two markets. An arbitrageur (a person involved in arbitrage) buys a lower priced item and short sells the higher priced one. The spread between the two becomes his profit. How to apply market arbitrage on eBay.com.au Arbitrage is undoubtedly one of the ways of making money online. Before we even delve into its application on eBay.com.au, it is important to note that eBay.com has a Market Data Program. This program provides data on the items that are purchased on eBay.com and

What Was The Industrial Revolution All About - 2281 Words

The Industrial Revolution 1. What was the industrial revolution all about? The Industrial Revolution initially began in Britain and spread throughout Europe, North America and the rest of the world. It was a period of great change brought on by advancements in technologies and increases in trade, agriculture, mining, manufacturing and population growth. These advancements changed the structure of society at that time and changed the economy, which had been based on the land and manual labour, to an economy based on manufacturing by machines. Before the revolution, people had mainly made a living from working on the land and so they lived in rural areas. New technologies, inventions, methods, ideas and materials meant that things could†¦show more content†¦It started around the period of 1760 to 1850 in Britain. The reason that the revolution started in Britain in the 18th century is that Britain had large deposits of coal and could power the steam engines that were used to operate the machinery. Another reason is that technological improvemen ts in the textile industry improved the process of making clothes. Prior to these changes, clothing had been handmade and was labour intensive, however mass production of cotton garments were made using machines which provided England with the opportunity to mass produce items to supply the demands of the growing population and export to other countries. The revolution continued into the first half of the 19th century and spread around the world. Mass Production 3. What is Mass Production? Mass production is a process in which large quantities of standard products are produced on production lines. It can also be called flow production, series production or serial production and uses conveyor belts to move ready made parts to workers to finish off the product. This type of machinery provided a very high rate of production but also reduced the amount of workers required to do the work. This resulted in a rapid loss of jobs being available in the workforce and workers finding it difficult to provide for

Corporate Social Responsibility And Csr - 2080 Words

Abstract Although many research about corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been conducted, there are still some field to study more. The purpose of this research paper is to find out whether Business-to-Business companies implement CSR actively. According to the numerous researches shows that correlation between Business-to-Consumer and CSR are strongly related due to variety reasons such as brand image and brand equity. Thus, we thought that B2B business is not actively doing because B2B companies are not directly related to consumer. To understand and enhance this research paper, we cover basic concept and indicators of CSR. In addition, we employs â€Å"2014 Global CSR Reptrack 100† report released by reputation institute to disclose the result. Key words Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Business-to-Business, Reputation Institute. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility has been popular strategy among companies. Numerous companies release CSR report and variety of studies have been conducted on different aspect of CSR. Although many researches have been conducted, there are some controversy about concept and effectiveness of CSR. According to the recent study, CSR reports are significantly related to short and long-term measurement of financial performance (Orhan Akisik †¢ Graham Gal, 2014) and M. Tsoutsoura’s date (Tsoutsoura, 2004) indicates that the sings of the relation between CSR and financial performance were positive. In addition, CSR influencesShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholderâ₠¬â„¢s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. The meaning of social responsibility differs across regions. Western countries are the ones who are pushing for corporate social responsibility -thesis-- A broad overview at corporate social responsibility (CSR) looks to corporations to make a change in the society or the environmentRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesCSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility and it is a concept with many definitions and practices and also a buzzword in the media. In general, corporate social responsibility is the policies and programs of business corporations which tend to benefit society while improving a corporation’s public image and profitability at the same time. The meaning of it is implemented in different countries and companies differently. Warren Buffet said that it takes 20 years to build a reputation and onlyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between societyRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1598 Words   |  7 Pages CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by many groups like, Tata steel, Coca Cola, Reliance, Videocon etc. Although they all stand for similar meanings connecting to taking responsibilities of the society as a business individual, its definition has been getting broader from a established point of view, corporate social responsibility is a type of business instruction included in a business demonstration. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatoryRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1173 Words   |  5 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is highly important to Millennials. If a company is lacking a CSR plan, now it a good time to start one. Millennials are looking for ways in making a positive impact on the world and are expecting the same from companies. They are looking for companies that contribute to the betterment of communities and the environment. Millennials put great value in supporting such brands, companies and organizations that share these values. Companies without a CSR in placeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr979 Words   |  4 PagesThe notion of Corporate Social Responsibility is a phenomenon globally known for many years. In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1314 Words   |  6 PagesSocial responsibility has become a primal interest to the humankind for the past two decades. In the earlier days, the firms and organizations concentrated only on the financial part of the business and ignored the ethical, social and moral sectors. But in the recent times, the businesses are getting a grip of the significance of the social, ecological and environmental effects on their success. This has resulted in the emerging interactions between organizations and social segments thus giving riseRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the link between corporate social responsibility and the benefits accruing to a

The Thirty-Seven Day Trip free essay sample

I couldn’t wait for summer. Then I found out that my mom and grandparents had planned a thirty-seven day trip to the western states. My excitement escaped me. After I heard the bad news, I heard the worst. I learned that we would live in the camper for one month, one week, and two days along with an undisciplined Chinese pug that loves to eat everything. I went with my mom, my five-year old brother, and my grandparents. My dad had to stay home and work. We started off in Greenville and then drove to Atlanta. In Atlanta we hopped on the plane, and our trip began. We landed in Salt Lake City, Utah, our first stop. Then we drove to The Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Seven Day Trip or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Grand Teton looked so beautiful. The snow-capped mountains rose above the clouds. Then we drove a while and camped at Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The breathtaking views looked painted. We packed up and left for our next stop Glacier Park in Montana. We took an adventure to the top of a glacier, riding on an open air bus with six huge tractor wheels. We drank fresh really cold water that came from the glacier. We had a great time balancing on the ice. When we reached Canada we had to stop and let the people check the camper and car for alcohol, drugs, and other items not allowed across the border. They also had to check our passports, which took a long time. We drove and drove and drove until we reached Banff, Canada. Banff had so many beautiful sights to stop and see. My brother and I grew tired of stopping every ten minutes to look over the edge of a mountain. We also went to a beautiful lake named Lake Louise. Vancouver, Canada held the most memories on our trip. We camped in an ugly parking lot under a bridge. Off we went to see the city! My brother and I played in a fun water park and swam in a pool about the size of an acre. My family toured a jungle type area with really high and long swinging wooden bridge made of wooden slats. Unfortunately, my grandma broke her ankle and had to visit the emergency room. Vancouver had Eco-Rangers that shot annoying raccoons (with water guns) that would attack people for ice cream cones. Vancouver wins the award for the most exciting place. We traveled down the coast in Washington, Oregon, and California. The Pacific Ocean took my breath away. The waves crashed along the rocky shore. After seeing Mount Saint Helen up close, camping on the beach in Oregon, and walking through the Redwood Forest, the time grew near to return home to Greenville. Our final stop in San Francisco alarmed me. Homeless people came up to me and asked me to buy them food and drinks. I tried to act as if they weren’t there, bu t that didn’t work at all. We took off from California, and it took six hours to arrive in Atlanta. I enjoyed the camping, the camp fires, the ghost stories, the shopping, the wildlife, and the adventures. When we arrived to Atlanta, joy filled me inside as we drove home. I called all my friends and spent time with them before the summer ended and the new school year started. I also spent time with my dad that I missed so much for one month, one week, and two days. I will never forget the experience. I wouldn’t have wanted to spend my summer any other way. We still talk about the trip to this day.

The Manager of the Century Following the Track of a Born Leader

Cutting a Long Story Short: When the Organization Was Falling Apart There have been a number of theories of leadership, some of them credible and understandable, others complicated and practicing a mixture of various leadership styles; yet was no theory of success – until Jack Welch took the wheel and reinvented the whole perspective of what leadership is supposed to be.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Manager of the Century: Following the Track of a Born Leader specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tracking the way Welch reorganized the company and turned it into a true goldmine will most possibly lead to understanding the whimsical ways in which leadership and management strategies collide to provide a perfect result. According to Angier, Pond Angier (2004), In 1960, Welch started in GR’s plastic division for an annual salary of $10,500 [†¦]. In December 1980, Welch was announced as the new C EO and chairman of GE. It was a record-breaking appointment. At 45, Welch was the youngest chief the company has ever appointed. (Angier, Pond Angier, 2004, 90) Thus, the given paper is aimed at analyzing the methods which Welch used to turn GE into a clockwork mechanism, as well as learning about the specific strategies which Welch used, the strengths and weaknesses of the leader of the XXI century, and the theories which Welch used as the life buoy for his incredible venture. Jack Welch and His Leadership Qualities: The Napoleon of the Business World There are many ways to describe Jack Welch’s personality and approach towards his employees and his business; however, the one who managed to capture the essence of Welch’s multilateral personality and distill the three ultimate qualities that make the entrepreneur the king of the business world is Shriberg; according to the latter, the main features of a leader that Welch possesses are: â€Å"(1) His personal willingn ess to keep learning and the establishment of a learning culture at GE; (2) constant open communication with employees, and (3) a willingness to take risks and embrace change† (Shriberg, 2010, 71). Considering each will bring one closer to the secret of Welch’s success. Quality #1: charging people with energy Despite rather rough and uncompromising manner of employing and dismissing the staff, Welch does have his own ways of making the company prosper, and one has to give the credit where it belongs to – with the help of a very specific leadership style, Welch has managed to bring the company back from ashes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Welch, with the unceasing energy of his, filled the entire corporation with the desire to move on and generate new incredible ideas. Indeed, the idea of charging people with energy is one of the key principles of Welch ’s leadership manner. As Shriberg (2010) commented on Welch’s teachings, In 2005, Welch co-authored (with his wife Suzy) a book titled Winning. In this book, they stress the qualities and traits that a leader should possess. In particular, they emphasize that leaders should exude positive energy, energize others, reward and teach followers (71) Indeed, the people who feel cheerful about the project and optimistic about the prospects, the whole working process speeds up considerably. In addition, it is essential that Welch started paying a specific attention to the employees, trying to establish friendly relationships with each of them, which was crucial to the whole new idea of the GE Corporation. Feeling valued and on par with the chief of the company, the employees start working more efficiently, thus, leading the company to a doubtless triumph. However, there are two more components of Jack Welch’s style which made it so incredibly successful. Quality #2: one must have the guts Another important element of Jack Welch’s strategy, the risk-taking idea, has led to the most impressive results. According to Welch and his idea of reforming the company, when there is nothing else to do and the corporation is slowly going to a complete bankruptcy, the most reasonable thing is to hold on to the tiniest chance that one can see.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Manager of the Century: Following the Track of a Born Leader specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Welch’s understanding, taking the not absurd chance possible is yet better than watch the company slowly dying, standing there and doing nothing. As Lane (2007) noticed, Welch told me, long ago, that he had never encountered an IBM guy who had joined GE who was really good. But he had never seen one who was really good. My observation was that they presented themselves as passionless, white-shirted techies, in contrast to the leadership corps of fantastics he was assembling. (44) Thus, the second principle that Welch used when bringing General Electric to life was the idea that even the most unbelievable opportunity is worth checking out. Even though the given suggestion might seem a bit too risky for every person I business to follow in the case of a certain emergency, it definitely works in the cases when there is nothing else to lose. Even though the given method is not to be used in every situation, in certain instances, the nothing-venture-nothing-gain attitude can lead to great success. Thus, being able to decide on a flip of a coin is another Welch’s doubtless quality. Quality #3: no regrets and nothing personal The last, but definitely not the least quality that helped Jack Welch to bring the GE its glory back is the ability to abstract away from the personal relationships and decide what is best for the company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although one might consider Welch’s policy on firing the employees who could not contribute to the company somewhat tough and not quite as just as it could have been, it is still important to stress that Welch was doing what was best for the company, leaving the emotions behind. As Hegar (2011) commented on Jack’s impressive start at the General Motors, â€Å"When Jack Welch took the reins in 1981, he spent a good deal of his time getting rid of managers who could not meet their goals. In fact, he soon was dubbed ‘neutron Jack,’ because like a neutron bomb, he got rid of people but left buildings and machinery intact† (333). Obviously one of his greatest assets, overloading energy is what made Welch so successful. Although the means which Welch resorted to seem quite rough, it is still obvious that Welch did what he had to do, and this fact makes him the leader that the company needed – the strong, uncompromising and resourceful man who could turn the entire world of the General Electric upside down. Cool-headed and strict, Welch is truly an ideal business leader. Welch’s Leadership Strengths and Weaknesses: When the Strings Are Pulled too Tight It goes without saying that, to make the General Electric famous once again and help the company gain even more profit than it used to, reorganizing it completely and offering a completely new style a leadership and approach to the employees, one has to be an extraordinary human being; one has to be Jack Welch. However, along with his numerous strengths, Welch also has his weaknesses, which means that his leadership style cannot be completely flawless. Once digging a bit deeper into the way Welch organized his work and changed the company’s strategy, one can possibly realize what exactly made Welch such strong a leader, as well as see some spots on the sun – that is, some minor slips in Jack Welch’s manner of managing the company. One way or another, investigating the ways in which the style of famous Jack Welch falls flat is just as exciting as learning about the incredible ways in which Jack Welch managed to return GE its glory and make the company famous once again. Once taking a closer look at the other side of the moon, one can see that each style of leadership has its flaws, and the key responsibility of a real leader is to spot the stage at which the chosen track starts leading to a dead end. Then, with a careful choice of the appropriate tactics, one can find the way out of the complicated situation, which Welch has demonstrated in his revolutionizing of the GE management style. Welch’s strengths: the three whales the earth stands on As it has been previously mentioned, the leadership style that Welch has chosen is based on both maintaining perfect relationships with employees, thus, creating the optimum atmosphere for high productivity, and at the same time demanding from the employees the best that they can do. The aspect of the trustworthy relationships with employees seems the key to Welch’s success, since without these relationships, he employees would have had an image of a tyrant for Welch, with the latter’s incredibly demanding attitude, and would have resisted the new company policy. Judging by the given strategy which Welch chose, it can be suggested that his leadership style is based on a mixture of theories. For instance, the fact that Welch’s demands for quality were incredibly high indicates that the first theory behind Welch’s strategy was Welch’s weaknesses: don’t hit a man when he is down However, even being considered a demigod in the realm of management, Welch, like any other mere mortals, has his own weaknesses, too. However, it is worth mentioning that the weaknesses of Jack Welch are rather specific and practically are the reverse side of his qualities. Indeed, any feature of a leader when being pushed to extreme turns against t its owner, which is exactly the case of Jack Welch and his corporate policy. To be more precise, Welch takes his business so seriously and follows his own rues so hard that when it is time to compromise and choose the way which goes against Welch’s own set of principles. Once facing the issue that requires choosing a â€Å"non-Welch† manner of acting, or the methods that contradict Welch’s own ideas and principles, Jack Welch is most likely to consider it inappropriate, which at certain points can pose a threat to the entire company. Therefore, the lack of flexibility is the only yet the most dangerous issue that can stand in the way for the person with Jack Welch’s means of handing the corporation. In addition, the strategy of dismissing anyone whom Welch considered not suitable for the company and/or for a certain position can be questioned. Perhaps, in certain cases, people whom Welch fired could be simply having the wrong positions and could actually be assigned for different kinds of work in the same company. Instead of analyzing the peculiarities of each of the employees and offering them the positions in which they can deliver a splendid performance, Welch simply disposed of the ones whose results left much to be desired. Indeed, a hasty manner of dismissing the people who could have actually brought profits to the company if working in a different department does not seem the decision that a wise leader would undertake. However, the given observation is based on a typical organizational situation and does not take into account the peculiarities of the GE Co From People to Models: Welch’s Leadership Style and the Theory Behind It As for the theoretical background which Welch used to achieve such incredible success in such small amount of time, it is reasonable to mention that the traits of Welch’s leadership style can be attributed to a number of various theories, which can only mean that Welch resorted to the s ituational leadership theory. As Barker (1992) remarked, The basic premise of situational leadership theories is that different leadership styles are needed in different situations [†¦]. Leaders need to adapt their style to the situation at hand. The situation theories contributed two new elements to the development of leadership theory: the situation and the follower. These theories are prescriptive – attempting to tell leaders how to act in a given situation. (Barker, 1992, 9) On the one hand, it is crystal clear that Welch used the situational leadership style to understand the company needs, adapt to the existing situation and make the necessary changes. However, it is also worth taking into account that Welch sought to develop relationships with his employees, which can be interpreted as the means to win their respect and motivate them by showing the example of a perfect worker. Thus, it can be claimed with certainty that Welch combined the situational leadership ap proach with Fiedler’s contingency theory. According to Barker (1992), â€Å"The Contingency Model of leadership effectiveness sought to integrate person, process and situation† (10). Therefore, it is obvious that Welch managed to reach the peak not only because of his winning personality, but also with the help of a solid leadership theory backing him up. However, it is also important to add that the theory which Welch used as the cornerstone of his further attitude towards the company and the employees was not only the commonly known theoretical principle, but also a blend of his own idea of leadership and management. As it has been mentioned previously, Welch often acted in spite of the management principles, which also led to quite fruitful results. Thus, it is a clear-cut case of creating a new theory of leadership – the theory of success, making an example for the newcomers and the new explorers of the business jungle – one of the most dangerous and thrilling places one has ever set foot on. Reference List Angier, M. E., Pond, S. Angier, D. (2004). 101 best ways to get ahead. South Burlington, VT: Success Network. Barker, A. M. (1992). Transformational nursing leadership: A vision for the future. New York City, NY: Jones Bartlett Learning. Hegar, K. W. (2011). Modern human relations at work. Stanford, CN: Cengage Learning. Lane, B. (2007). Jacked up: The inside story of how Jack Welch talked GE into  becoming the world’s greatest company. New York City, NYC: McGraw-Hill Professional. Shriberg, A. (2010). Practicing leadership principles and applications. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. This essay on The Manager of the Century: Following the Track of a Born Leader was written and submitted by user Porter G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Movie review of Yentl

Movie review of Yentl MOVIE REVIEW: YENTLEveryone at one time or another has felt out of place. Feeling unsure of one's place in society is an experience that every young adult faces but deals with differently. Some rebel while others comply with whatever has been set out for them by society or their parents, or both. The role of the woman in society is forever changing. Where women were once obligated to stay in the home and dote on their husbands, they are now working in the same types of jobs as their husbands. What was typically the male role has been blurred and practically obliterated. Religious roles have followed society's lead in their evolution. For example, since its creation over five thousand years ago, the Jewish religion has evolved in some movements to involve women and men equally in ceremonies. The orthodox movement has always remained traditional in its belief that women have their place in the home, cooking and raising children, and serving their husbands.Barbra StreisandEducation rema ins the man's duty. The movie Yentl starring Barbara Streisand, shows this traditional belief through its plot, characterization, music, lights, camera angles, and symbolism.Set in Eastern Europe in 1904, Yentl captures the essence of the Jewish woman's eternal struggle. It is the story of a young girl, in love with learning but forbidden to do so by Jewish tradition. Upon her father's death, Yentl disguises herself as a boy to attend a yeshiva (religious school) and continue her studies. She befriends Avigdor, a male scholar at the yeshiva, and falls in love with him. Driven by her love for him, Yentl will do all that she can to ensure that he is near her and that her secret is not revealed. Yentl struggles with her secret until the day she can no longer...

Spotify highlights Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spotify highlights - Article Example New songs that have been released need to be promoted for people to listen. Spotify creates awareness for those songs in so doing the song can become a trending song and a benefit to both the artist and Spotify as a whole. For instance, the use of YouTube to promote new songs has enhanced the accessibility of songs and rating. Artists are paid depending on the number of views a song has attracted. The song â€Å"The blacker the berry† by Kendrick Lamar is nice and not all his fan were able to grab an audio copy of the song. On YouTube the song, it had three million views in a span of one day. This clearly shows social media has an influential capacity to songs. The reason Spotify has added users rapidly is because of its tie-ups with social media sites (Bostrà ¶m, Raoul, Kieran, Bidisha, Juan, and Skee, 2). Social media is the marketing platform for Spotify and, therefore, will require its users to own a social media account. 75% of Americans own a social media account, and this is beneficial for Spotify in creating awareness for new songs across different age-group. Communicating with the users need to be two-way traffic a feature that is supported by the social medias. For instance, a dislike or a like from the consumer side is easily shared using on-line platform. Spotify has capitalized on Facebook and tweeter as an on-line platform to share opinions from either side. Opinions and suggestions from users make it easy for Spotify to identify the areas which they need to improve for better service delivery. Artists whose songs are in YouTube will read reviews from their fans and spot area that needs improvement or in some cases listeners appreciate the work of the

Rhetoric Analysis on Children with Diabetes Essay

Rhetoric Analysis on Children with Diabetes - Essay Example his two sons for school and the preparation includes giving his younger son insulin injections to maintain the blood sugar level since the child was diagnosed with diabetes. Despite the busy schedule, Parker creates some time to check on his diabetic child while at school. There has been an increasing trend in the average number of children and young adults being diagnosed with diabetes. According to the centers for disease control and prevention, there has been a significant increase in the number of children and adolescents living with either type one or type two diabetes. This has raised concerns among professionals on how to manage diabetes especially among the young children who still need great supervision in all aspects whatsoever and living with diabetes includes medication on a daily basis. Campaigns are held across the country to sensitize parents on how to care for and help their little ones live a normal life with diabetic conditions. It is possible for any parent to work and at the same time take good care of their children living with diabetes. Mr. Parker is a good example that parents should emulate and give their ailing children proper attention and care. In children, managing diabetes may not be as easy as it may seem on adults. Children are normally active and playful and this may not be favorable condition for people with diabetes. For children, it is the responsibility of the parent to remind them of the medication and strictly manage their diets and activities. Mr. parker ensures that his ailing child eat the right food throughout the day and do not over engage in activities that require a lot of energy at school. This has been possible by discussing the child’s condition with the teacher. Packer calls the school after every three hours to know the child’s condition, in case there are complications, he sends an ambulance to take the child to hospital. Conclusively, diabetes among children is on the rise and it is the parent’s

EU Membership Criteria Evaluation Dissertation

EU Membership Criteria Evaluation Dissertation Abstract The purpose of this thesis is establishing a new membership mechanism for the European Union (EU). As the EU struggles with different kind of issues those showed up lately due to its membership mechanism, the demand for a new membership system arises. The thesis follows five steps to come up with a new solution. First step covers information of the current membership system. Second step refers particular problems closely related with membership system. In third phase the framework of the recommended system is built up considering the problems. Within the fourth step, the new system applied on mentioned problems to see how it effects current situation in theory. Finally, the self-criticism on the recommended system and the comparison between recommended and current membership mechanism is done in the fifth part. To understand the necessity of a new membership system at least the existent structure with its historical background shall be known. As much as knowing well the source of problems, analyzing problems separately is also required to create a solution. In the same way to come up with a solution, the establishment of the system shall be based on arguments those pointed out during the examination of the current membership system. While settling the new system, required elements were inspired from different disciplines of the social science. To check the functionality of the new system, it is applied to related problems. More specific explanations about the system are held during this checking process. Even if it sounds well functioning in theory, there might be some points to criticize in the new system since the perfection of a system is hard to achieve in social topics. The last thing to decide about whether choosing the recommended system or not is comparing the system with the curren t one according to their advantages and disadvantages. All in all, the thesis claims that the European Union is going to have a dynamic membership mechanism which provides more efficiency in membership activities. As a result, the EU can solve its problems and increase its structural solidity. In other words, the unification of member states may process faster than before. INTRODUCTION The Assumption â€Å"The European Union is NOT a religiously formed structure; unlike it is suspected and conspired as a Christianity Union by some political scientists.† 1.2 The EU and necessity of a new membership system Europe has achieved a very stunning progress in unification so far. However the mind bending question â€Å"Does the unification make anything better for all of the EU countries?† still doesn`t have a clear answer. From 1952 Paris Treaty until 2007 the last enlargement, the European Union (EU) enlarged fifth times and each enlargement separately came with some pros and cons. It has been arguing that how come a positive and beneficial action could create drawbacks and be harmful rather than helpful. Even though the ideology behind the establishment of the European Union is basically covers mutual beneficial agreement, somehow enlargements make some members` current social and economic situation worse. Besides, there are also some debates on whether enlargements should continue or not. After considering long-term cost-benefit analysis of enlargement attempts some doubts justifiably aroused about necessity of enlargement. The answer of these kinds of questions and results of thes e arguments will be also provided if the dilemma of enlargement is solved. It is easy to point out the problems and backwards of enlargement observing the social and economic fluctuation in the EU countries. However, marking the first cause and fundamental reason of these problems and to find exact solutions, as much as the source of problems are different and varied and cannot be solved without major regulations, the enlargement structure should be examined per se. Thus, to see the main stream of enlargement problems, essentially focusing on the enlargement progress is necessary. As the question aroused about the enlargement progress, the membership process that the skeleton of enlargement is so important to analyze and observe the basic reason of problems in the EU with cost-benefit perspective. It can be said that the membership process may actually the origin of the problems which can be monitored in the EU. To see how membership process affects the Union badly, a comparison of social and economic indicators between current and previous situations is truly required. In other words, analyzing from â€Å"the big bang† of the EU till current situation by looking at enlargement results gives some clues to understand how problematic the membership process is. Additionally, the current social and economic situation of the EU members and the EU`s relations with other states are also helpful indicators to recognize the problem in membership process. Furthermore, during the analysis it can be observed that in some cases the legal and written rules of the EU come short to cover the legal loophole at the current membership process. After reaching the conclusion of analysis about the membership process, the system can be regulated and may be renewed according to the results those show us whether the system should be changed. Although if the results objectively refer the moderate performance of membership process, a new prospectively designed system will still be suggested to optimize the system and increase efficiency. Because by having a flashback to the establishment of the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) it can be seen that the main scheme of the EU was created to improve and support efficiency among countries. Thus if there is a more efficient and beneficial system which helps the EU to get rid of its problems particularly, it should be preferred to current membership process due to ideological background of the EU, even though the current system works with difficulties. Besides, the recommended system will compromise with the current system by adapting most of its features. Mostly, membership systems are thought so strictly binding with members and rules of membership are not dynamic to adopt with a new unknown situation. But the recommended membership system which will be designed and tested can bring dynamism into the EU structure. The structure of membership process is bases on the framework of dynamic systems. As the ideology and motto of the new system, it can be said the whole world changes and differs every second to form adaptation with each items in it, systems also should be so dynamic that adopt with every sort of situation. In other words, the life is dynamic by itself. Therefore, a dynamic system for the EU membership mechanism is more realistic than a static membership model. Even in social sciences such as economics a dynamic analysis of economy is more explanatory than a static analysis and it also has more correct results. This thesis follows on five steps those will give us an understanding of change and the difference of new membership system. First of all, the current membership system and enlargement activities will be mentioned to observe the current situation. Secondly, the international, social and economical problems caused by current membership system will be mentioned particularly. The current problems and the lack of solution method against them will be shown in this part. Thirdly, the difference and requirements of new recommended membership system will be introduced. Furthermore, the application of the new membership system will be tried out with problems which would have been mentioned on the second step. Lastly, the conclusion to make an overall analysis and self-criticism of nominated membership system emphasizing advantages and disadvantages of both membership systems will be pointed out. At the beginning of the thesis, the assumption is placed in the middle of the first page without a ny additional script to emphasize it very strongly. Because the whole thesis is bases on the assumption that the European Union is just a union tries to increase common benefits of all countries in Europe without any discrimination. Otherwise, if it was not said so and the European Union was a religiously established union, there would be no need to improve efficiency of the membership process because the only one membership criterion that would have been looked for would be the Christianity of the applicant countries. Hence, the thesis would be meaningless, the current application of non-Christian countries as well. The assumption also helps to set the border of this thesis. During the thesis, the focus will just be on objective materials without referring any speculative comments. The dynamic system will be recommended for the EU can also be used as a conflict resolution method on the other unions` problem. With beliefs of the EU wants to have a more efficient and beneficial system, and also the EU defends that the unification of economic system and the harmonization of social structures shall be carried forward, a dynamic system will solve most of the problems in the union without getting in any other political debates such as religion. As an introduction for drawbacks of the current system, slowdown in economic indicators, rising of nationalist ideology and parties, rejection of the EU constitution, domestic moral problems in member states such as in Italy, Budget deficit problems in member states like Greece and Spain, lack of common foreign and security policy, and loosing beliefs of candidate states on the EU can be referred among dozens of problems. Nowadays, the EU is not in a comparable position with its former strength but the comparison of situations after and before enlargement activities will show that how the current system affects the strength of the union negatively. Thus, it will also explain how a membership system can diminish the power of a union. As simple as in the metaphor about flywheels of a machine, if there is any flywheel that works reversely, it should be gotten out from the mechanism before it blocks the working system. Even if a member state doesn`t work simultaneously with the union, the Union may be able to ban the state or hold its membership for a while. Otherwise the whole legal structure doesn`t help the system to work properly, this illustrates that the membership mechanism needs to be restored with an efficient one. PART I THE CURRENT MEMBERSHIP SYSTEM AND ENLARGEMENT ACTIVITIES 2.1 The current membership System The current membership system bases on three different documents which are The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht (Article 49),The declaration of the June 1993 European Council in Copenhagen, i.e. Copenhagen criteria, and a document is decided after negotiations about adaptation to acquis communautaire between European Union and candidate state. Lately, all of the membership requirements and its legal structure were combined into the Treaty of Lisbon. This means that all of those three documents are included into the treaty of Lisbon with a couple of updates. Especially, the Copenhagen Criteria are the rules that decide whether a country is eligible to join the European Union and they are also known as the main detailed source for the membership prerequisites. Firstly, the idea of preparing a legal content for membership carried out with the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht (Article O). In Article 49 (formerly Article O), the geographical criteria and slightly general policy criteria were settled do wn. Then, with the 1993 Copenhagen Criteria, the general policy criteria of membership were described in more details considering three aspects; Political, Economic and Legislative. After all those criteria, as a homestretch, measures and regulations decided by negotiations between the European Union and candidate states fulfill the scheme of membership requirement for the EU. Most of these criteria have been confirmed over the last decade by legislation of the European Council, the European Commission and the European Parliament, as well as by the case law of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The mentioned documents provide all requisites to become a member state of the EU. Thus, criteria can be sorted with sub-categories to understand what the EU demands from candidates particularly regarding to the general policy, geographic, political, economic, and legislative criteria. As a main frame the general policy criteria can be summarized as in the Article O (Maastricht Treaty): â€Å"Any European State may apply to become a Member of the Union. It shall address its application to the Council, which shall act unanimously after consulting the Commission and after receiving the assent of the European Parliament, which shall act by an absolute majority of its component members. The conditions of admission and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the Union is founded which such admission entails shall be the subject of an agreement between the 16 Member States and the applicant state. This agreement shall be submitted for ratification by all the contracting States in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements.† (European Commission, 1992a) In addition to the article it can be extensively illustrated by an excerpt from the Copenhagen Presidency conclusions: â€Å"Membership requires that candidate country has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union. Membership presupposes the candidates ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union. †(Copenhagen European Council, 1993: 1) Regarding its acquis and actions, the EU doesn`t have certain steady geographic criteria for candidates. The EU refused Morocco`s applications a couple of decades ago, in 1987 due to territorial and geographical difference. Besides, even though Turkey has small part of its territory on the European continent and Turkey is on â€Å"negotiation† phase of membership process now, the membership of Turkey is still a huge debate. On the other hand, the speculations about the membership of Israel is considerably spread because of close economic and politic relations between Israel and the EU (Europa, 2007) and recently some Prime Ministers of member states individually declared that they would be happy to see Israel as a member state of the EU soon (Rettman, 2010). Hence, in the legal documents, the geographic criteria briefly demands that the candidate country shall have territory on the European continent and economical, cultural, historical and political ties with other European s tates as well. On the other hand, in practice, it can be seen so questionable. There is no clear answer for this dilemma. It can be easily illustrated by the fact that, before the rejection of Morocco, the EU accepted French Guiana to join the union despite the reality that it is in South Africa. Both countries mentioned in this case have similar background within France. The only difference is unlike French Guiana, Morocco is independent right now. However, instead of both countries, only French Guiana is in the EU. As a result, it can be claimed that the geographical criteria are not necessarily applicable within the current membership mechanism. Until 1993 the decision-making process of membership doesn`t have clear references. The clear expression of prerequisites is declared with the Copenhagen Criteria. However, when member states agreed on criteria in 1993, there was no mechanism for ensuring that any member state was in compliance with these criteria. Nevertheless some legal arrangements and sanctions have been imposed to monitor compliance with these criteria. The first victim of this action was the Austrian government of Wolfgang Schà ¼ssel in early 2000. They have been come across with sanctions of the other 14 Member States governments because of not compensating the membership requisites. These legal arrangements came into effect under the provisions of the Treaty of Nice on the first of February 2003. With Copenhagen Criteria three more aspects were added into membership mechanism; Political, Legislative and Economic criteria. These criteria are going to be explained particularly as follows; As a crucial part of political criteria the EU ask for a consolidated democracy from candidate states. According to most political science scholars, the definition of consolidated democracy contains these three steps; Competitive elections, Liberties such as freedom of expression, freedom of press and freedom of association, and Consolidation of democracy in society. Consolidated democratic governance requires that all citizens of the country shall be able to participate equally in the political decision making process at every single governing level. Consolidated democracy also means free and fair elections with a secret ballot, freedom of press, the right to establish political parties without any obstacle from the state rulers, freedom of association, freedom of expression, rule of laws and freedom of standing trial through unbiased free judges. The second political criteria for candidate states is the rule of law which expresses government authority may only be exercised in accor dance with documented and written laws. They should be adopted through an established procedure. In case of arbitrary rulings towards individuals, the principle is supposed to be a safeguard. The third political criterion to join the European Union is respecting the Human rights in every kind of situation. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights is considered the most authoritative formulation of human rights and the EU is also admitted its legitimacy. According to the declaration human rights which every person holds because of their quality as a human being should be protected against all threats. Besides, those rights are inalienable and belonging to all humans. Briefly, if a right is inalienable, that means it cannot be limited, granted, bestowed, bartered away, or sold away. These include the right to life, the right to be prosecuted only according to the rule of laws, the right to be free from slavery, and the right to be free from torture.(Wikipedia, 2010a) T he last but not the least political criteria for EU membership are respect for minorities and protecting their rights. At the beginning there was no clarity in definition of minorities in member states. But in 1995 with the Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (COE) the EU declared minorities in member states and defined their rights with consensus. However, minorities in member states are defined by a consensus commission which was formed by member states therefore not all minorities could be regarded and defined within the concept. The consensus commission (the Venice Commission) reached the conclusion of the Convention for the Protection of National Minorities which protects minorities by defining them as â€Å"a group which is smaller in number than the rest of the population of a State, whose members, who are nationals of that State, have ethnical, religious or linguistic features different from those of the rest of the population, and are guided by the will to safeguard their culture, traditions, religion or language† (Venice Commision, 2004: 1). According to the definition of national minorities, unlike others, recent minorities such as immigrant populations have not been listed by signatory countries in the convention. This can be seen by checking the list of national minorities published by Council of Europe (Council of Europe, 2007). Another issue of the EU membership mechanism which can also be considered as a membership requirement is the economic criteria. As it is obviously known that the free market economy is the main characteristic of the EU. Speaking generally about free market economy, candidate countries shall have a functioning free market economy and the system should not be interfered by government as little as it is possible. Besides, their producers shall have the capability to deal with competitive pressure of free market and market forces within the Union. Nowadays, all economic requirements for membership are carried out with The European Exchange Rate Mechanism to take candidates into the Eurozone. While debating economic criteria for EU membership, one of the most popular misbelieves is the acceptance of economic criteria which were defined by the Maastricht Treaty as prerequisites for membership. Because the way it is interpreted in the Maastricht Treaty concerns about member states. They men tion about neither the necessity of abiding by the treaty for candidates nor obligations on candidate states. However, in practice, fulfilling those criteria is also expected from candidate states. The economic criteria defined by the Maastricht Treaty became more concrete with the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure and the Protocol on the Convergence Criteria Referred to in Article 109j annexed to this Treaty. In the Protocols the desired ratios and rate were announced to member states, regarding to the practical aspect of the Treaty, it is binding for candidate states as well. The economic requisites for membership are sorted with articles in the protocol as follows; â€Å"The reference values referred to in Article 104c(2) of this Treaty are: 3% for the ratio of the planned or actual government deficit to gross domestic product at market prices; 60% for the ratio of government debt to gross domestic product at market prices.†(European Commission, 1992c) â€Å"The criterion on price stability referred to in the first indent of Article 109j (l) of this Treaty shall mean that a Member State has a price performance that is sustainable and an average rate of inflation, observed over a period of one year before the examination, that does not exceed by more than 1 ½ percentage points that of, at most, the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability. Inflation shall be measured by 30 means of the consumer price index on a comparable basis, taking into account differences in national definitions.†(European Commission, 1992b) Lastly, all candidates should regulate and enact their constitutions and judicial systems to consolidate them according to European law which built up over the history of the Union and also known as the acquis communautaire. After all criteria, the negotiations phase is the last step towards membership. During the negotiations with each candidate country, progress towards meeting the Copenhagen criteria is regularly monitored. On the basis of this, decisions are made as to whether and when a particular country should join, or what actions need to be taken before its access become possible. However, even though a country successfully fulfilled the whole bunch of criteria, it is declared that the new member cannot take its place in the Union until it is considered that the EU per se shall have enough absorption capacity for this enlargement. This situation were announced with the excepts in Presidency Conclusions (Copenhagen European Council, 1993) as follows; â€Å"The Unions capacity to absorb new members, while maintaining the momentum of European integration, is also an important consideration in the general interest of both the Union and the candidate countries.†(Copenhagen European Council, 1993: 1) To see the officially declared requirements and explanations it can be better to quote some excerpts from official web-sites of the European Union, thus the criteria can be compared and understood with and without interpretation; Accession criteria In 1993, at the Copenhagen European Council, the Union took a decisive step towards the fifth enlargement, agreeing that â€Å"the associated countries in Central and Eastern Europe that so desire shall become members of the European Union.† Thus, enlargement was no longer a question of ‘if, but ‘when. Concerning the timing, the European Council states: â€Å"Accession will take place as soon as an associated country is able to assume the obligations of membership by satisfying the economic and political conditions required.† At the same time, it defined the membership criteria, which are often referred to as the ‘Copenhagen criteria. Copenhagen European Council Membership criteria require that the candidate country must have achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities; the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union; the ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic monetary union. Madrid European Council Membership criteria also require that the candidate country must have created the conditions for its integration through the adjustment of its administrative structures, as underlined by the Madrid European Council in December 1995. While it is important that European Community legislation is transposed into national legislation, it is even more important that the legislation is implemented effectively through appropriate administrative and judicial structures. This is a prerequisite of the mutual trust required by EU membership.† (European Commision, 2010) As opposed to the membership criteria and the EU`s Acquis Communautaire, general criticisms are the lack of certainty and elaboration in membership criteria, not mentioning in Acquis Communautaire about cancelling membership in the case of refusing to carry out sanctions and penalties opted by the EU and the slightly existence of flexibility towards extreme case such as a desire of a member state to quit from the Union. In other words, there are sometimes conflicting interpretations in current member states about membership criteria and cancelling membership of an idle member state. On the other hand, the right of quitting form the union is recently added to the EU acquis with the Treaty of Lisbon. â€Å"Before the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on 1 December 2009 no provision in the treaties or law of the European Union outlined the ability of a state to voluntary withdraw from EU. The European Constitution did propose such a provision and, after the failure to ratify the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, that provision was then included in the Lisbon Treaty. The treaty introduces an exit clause for members who wish to withdraw from the Union. This formalizes the procedure by stating that a member state may notify the European Council that it wishes to withdraw, upon which withdrawal negotiations begin; if no other agreement is reached the treaty ceases to apply to the withdrawing state two years after such notification.†(Wikipedia, 2010b) â€Å"Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements.†(European Comission, 2007: Article 50) 2.2 Enlargement Activities The European Union enlarged fifth times so far and enlargements with greater amount of candidates mostly occurred through eastern European countries after the definition of the criteria mentioned above. This enlargement process started in 1952 when the European Union was still called as the European Coal and Steel Community. Since then, the EU has achieved to have twenty-seven member states with the most recent expansion to Bulgaria and Romania in 2007. Table 1. The EU`s enlargements and its approved members Accession Applicant Issued Enlargements 23 July 1952 France N/A Founding Members 23 July 1952 (West) Germany N/A 23 July 1952 Belgium N/A 23 July 1952 Italy N/A 23 July 1952 Netherlands N/A 23 July 1952 Luxembourg N/A 1 January 1973 United Kingdom 10 August 1961 First Enlargement 10 May 1967 1 January 1973 Denmark 10 August 1961 11 May 1967 1 January 1973 Ireland 10 August 1961 11 May 1967 1 January 1981 Greece 12 June 1975 Second Enlargement 1 January 1986 Spain 28 June 1977 Third Enlargement 1 January 1986 Portugal 28 March 1977 1 January 1995 Austria 17 July 1989 Fourth Enlargement 1 January 1995 Sweden 1 July 1991 1 January 1995 Finland 18 March 1992 1 May 2004 Cyprus 3 July 1990 Fifth Enlargement 1 May 2004 Malta 3 July 1990 1 May 2004 Hungary 31 March 1994 1 May 2004 Poland 5 April 1994 1 May 2004 Slovakia 27 June 1995 1 May 2004 Latvia 13 September 1995 1 May 2004 Estonia 24 November 1995 1 May 2004 Lithuania 8 December 1995 1 May 2004 Czech Republic 17 January 1996 1 May 2004 Slovenia 10 June 1996 1 January 2007 Romania 22 June 1995 1 January 2007 Bulgaria 14 December 1995 Within the table above the enlargements and candidate countries are sorted according to historical antecedence. On the other side, there are also countries which could not join the EU because of particular reasons. The United Kingdom is vetoed by the French Government in 1961 and Denmark and Ireland

Talk Shows: Why Jerry Springer Loves our Children :: Essays Papers

Talk Shows: Why Jerry Springer Loves our Children Jerry Springer is one of the most popular daytime talk show hosts. Each day on the Jerry Springer show, guest talk about their problems in front of national television. Jerry Springer helps his guest work through their problems by adding in comments to fuel the argument. During the show, the audience is watching the problem’s unfold with a dramatic twist to the guest’s conflicting matters. A typical day on the Jerry Springer show is filled with cursing, shouting and fighting. The fighting adds to the affect of the problem and keeps the audience entertained. The problem with the Jerry Springer show comes when the youth of America watches the program after they get home from school which is around 3 or 4 o’clock in the afternoon. A show like this only promotes violence and even talks about sexual content. One example is why a woman cheated on her husband with his sister. That might sound odd or out of the ordinary, but it attracts peoples’ attention and even our children’s. In today’s society, children spend a lot of time in front of the television surfing through channels to find interesting things to watch. George Gerbner, author of Television violence; The Power and Peril, quotes, â€Å"Television, the mainstream of the new cultural environment, has brought about a radical change in the way children grew up and learn in our society† (Gebner). Children should be learning new things everyday from school and parents, not from talk shows that represent the domestic violence. Violence affects children a lot more than it would adults because children are easily convinced and more gullible. Since children are easily convinced, it is more likely for them to believe what happens on talk shows is real life and that someone is not staging the show. When watching daytime talk shows, children are watching and learning the social interactions between people who cheat, fight, steal, and are sexually deviant. Over time children could start to believe that these acts of violence are the norm. Landrea Wells a student from the University of Florida studied children and television, she states, â€Å"The general concern about violence both then and now includes the fact that there have been consistently high levels of violence throughout much of television history. Children are more vulnerable to violent acts due to the fact that they are in early stages of developing behavior patterns, attitudes, and values about social interaction†( http://iml.

IP Addresses Classes and Special Essay

Use IP Address Space In a computer network internet protocol is used for communication, to each device such as printers and computers a numerical label called an IP (Internet Protocol) Address is assigned. There are two functions of an IP Address a host or network interface identification, and also provides a location addressing. The basic elements of a network are the IP Address and Subnet Mask. There is also switching and routing which after you connect devices to switches and routers, data packets can be moved across the network. The Internet Protocol Version 4 (known as IPv4) is a protocol highly used even today, this IP Address consist of a 32-bit number in decimal or binary in four parts. In 1995 Internet Protocol Version 6 (known as IPv6) was created due to a high growth of the Internet, and the reduction of available IP addresses. IPv6 consist of a 128-bit number for addresses, in 1998 IPv6 was standardized as RFC 2460 and since the mid-2000’s has been used. Stored in text files and displayed as a readable notation IP Addresses are started as binary numbers, before their put out in readable form for individuals. Subnet short for Sub-network was not present in 1969 the classes of A – E did not exist yet. There were only 254 distinct networks with each network having a max of 16,777,214 IP addresses, because the first 8 bits for network part are standard reserved. Network Classes were developed in 1981. 16,777,214 IP addresses can be placed in 24 bits for host address, with this on the horizon developers found that they had to partition IP addresses. This partition had to be done in a way so we can have different sizes of a network. Different sizes of network bits eventually created different classes of networks, known today as Class A, Class B, and Class C. This solved the issue with the classes, but with little information given we still needed to identify what is the network class. In octets Class A (network bit 8 host bit 24) always between 0-127, Class B (network bit 16 host bit 16) between 128-191, Class C (network bit 24 host bit 8) between 192-224, Class D (network and host bit not defined) between 225-239, and Class E (network and host bit not defined) between 240-255. References: Decinteral.in.com Understanding IP Address and Subnet Mask Microsoft Tech.Net Wikipedia.com

How Do Archaeologists Count Backward Using BP

The initials BP (or bp and rarely B.P.),  when placed after a number (as in 2500 BP), means years Before the Present. Archaeologists and geologists generally use this abbreviation to refer to dates that were obtained through the radiocarbon dating technology. While BP is also used generally as an imprecise estimate of an age of an object or event, the use of it in science was made necessary by the quirks of the radiocarbon methodology. Radiocarbons Effects Radiocarbon dating was invented in the late 1940s, and within a few decades, it was discovered that while the dates retrieved from the method have a sound, repeatable progression, they are not a one-to-one match with calendar years. Most importantly, researchers discovered that radiocarbon dates are affected by the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, which has fluctuated greatly in the past for both natural and human-caused reasons (such as the invention of iron smelting, the Industrial Revolution, and the invention of the combustion engine). Tree rings, which keep a record of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere when they are created, are used to calibrate or fine-tune radiocarbon dates to their calendar dates. Scholars use the science of dendrochronology, which matches those annular rings to known carbon fluctuations. That methodology has been refined and improved several times over the last few years. BP was first established as a way to clarify the relationship between calendar years and radiocarbon dates. Advantages and Disadvantages One advantage to using BP is it avoids the occasionally irate philosophical debate about whether, in this multicultural world of ours, it is more appropriate to use AD  and BC, with their explicit references to Christianity, or to use the same calendar but without the explicit references: CE (Common Era) and BCE (Before the Common Era). The problem is, of course, that CE and BCE still use the estimated date of the birth of Christ as the reference points for its numbering system: the two years 1 BCE and 1 CE are numerically equivalent to 1 BC and 1 AD. However, a major disadvantage of using BP is that the present year, of course, changes every twelve months. If it was a simple matter of counting backward, what was accurately measured and published as 500 BP today in fifty years would be 550 BP. We need a fixed point in time as a starting point so that all the BP dates are equivalent no matter when they are published. Since the BP designation was originally associated with radiocarbon dating, archaeologists chose the year 1950 as a reference point for the present. That date was chosen because radiocarbon dating was invented in the late 1940s. At the same time, atmospheric nuclear testing, which throws huge amounts of carbon into our atmosphere, was begun in the 1940s. Radiocarbon dates after 1950 are virtually useless  unless and until we can figure out a way to calibrate for the excessive amount of carbon still being deposited in our atmosphere. Nonetheless, 1950 is a long time ago now—should we adjust the starting point to 2000? No, the same problem would have to be addressed again in the coming years. Scholars now typically cite both raw, uncalibrated radiocarbon dates as years RCYBP (radiocarbon years before the present as 1950), alongside calibrated versions of those dates as cal BP, cal AD and cal BC (calibrated or calendar years BP, AD, and BC). That probably seems excessive, but it will always be useful to have a stable starting point in the past to hook our dates on, despite the outmoded religious underpinnings of our modern, multiculturally-shared calendar. So, when you see 2000 cal BP, think 2000 years before the calendar year 1950 or what calculates to the calendar year 50 BCE. No matter when that date is published, it will always mean that.   Thermoluminescence Dating Thermolumiscence dating, on the other hand, has a unique situation. Unlike radiocarbon dates, TL dates are calculated in straight calendar years—and the dates measured range from a few years to hundreds of thousands of years. It might not matter if a 100,000-year-old luminescence date was measured in 1990 or 2010. But scholars still need a starting point, because, for a TL date of 500 years ago, even 50 years difference would be an important distinction. So, how do you record that? Current practice is to quote the age along with the date it was measured, but other options are being considered. Among those are using 1950 as a reference point; or better still, use 2000, cited in the literature as b2k, to segregate it out from radiocarbon dating. A TL date of 2500 b2k would be 2,500 years before 2000, or 500 BCE.   Long after the Gregorian calendar was established throughout most of the world, atomic clocks have allowed us to adjust our modern calendars with leap seconds to correct for the slowing spin of our planet and other corrections. But, perhaps the most interesting outcome of all this investigation is the wide variety of modern mathematicians and programmers who have taken a crack at perfecting the matches between ancient calendars using modern technology. Other Common Calendar Designations A.D. (Anno Domini, Year of Our Lord, dating from the birth of Jesus Christ, Christian calendar)A.H. (Anno Hegira, Year of the Journey in Latin, dating from Mohammads journey to Mecca, Islamic calendar)A.M. (rarely used, but meaning Anno Mundi, Year of the World, dating from the calculated date of the worlds creation, Hebrew calendar)B.C. Before Christ, (before his birth, Christian calendar)B.C.E. (Before the Common Era, Western revised Christian calendar)C.E. (Common Era, Western revised Christian calendar)RCYBP (RadioCarbon Years Before the Present, scientific nomenclature)cal BP (Calibrated or Calendar years Before the Present, scientific nomenclature) Sources: Duller GAT. 2011. What date is it? Should there be an agreed datum for luminescence ages? Ancient TL 29(1).Peters JD. 2009. Calendar, clock, tower. MIT6 Stone and Papyrus: Storage and Transmission . Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M et al. 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55(4):1869–1887.Taylor T. 2008. Prehistory vs. Archaeology: Terms of Engagement. Journal of World Prehistory 21:1–18.